![]() ![]() The temperature of an object is determined by its total microscopic kinetic energy. Total thermal energy also includes some atomic forms of potential energy, but the kinetic energy of particles is the easiest to focus on. In a solid, like a table, the thermal energy exists as vibration of atoms or molecules. In a gas or gas mixture, like air, the motion (and rotation) of individual gas particles makes up this energy. It is not the energy of a whole object itself moving - it is the total energy of motion, rotation, and vibration of the atoms and molecules inside an object. Thermal energy (temperature) is a special type of kinetic energy. Notice how mechanical energy can be lost and turned into thermal energy, but the total amount of energy still stays the same: Explore this simulation to see how gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy go back and forth but keep mechanical energy the same. The University of Colorado has graciously allowed us to use the following PhET simulation. Tidal power harnesses the energy of moving water as it moves back and forth due to tides Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water as it falls (in a waterfall or hydroelectric dam) ![]() (The sun actually doesn't cool objects, but the sun never shines on an object on Earth all the time!) Wind itself is created initially through complex patterns of changes in thermal energy as the atmosphere and oceans are heated and cooled by the sun. Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy possessed by moving bodies of air ( wind), converting it into electricity. Some ways to harness macroscopic kinetic energy include: A car moving at three times the base speed will have 3 2 or NINE times the original kinetic energy! A car moving at twice the speed of another car of identical mass will have 2 2 or four times as much kinetic energy. Because the velocity term in this formula is squared, velocity has a much larger effect than mass does on kinetic energy.A 2000 kg car moving at 14 m/s has twice as much kinetic energy as a 1000 kg car moving at an equivalent 14 m/s. The more mass a moving object has, the more kinetic energy it will possess at the same speed.v is velocity, measured in meters per second (m/s).Kinetic energy is calculated using the following formula: The sum of potential energy and macroscopic kinetic energy is called mechanical energy and stays constant for a system when there are only conservative forces (no non-conservative forces). The larger an object is or the faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has. This is the energy possessed by moving objects. This is the most obvious form of energy as it is the easiest to observe. ![]()
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